{"id":19062,"date":"2017-10-14T23:24:45","date_gmt":"2017-10-15T03:24:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.haiti-reference.com\/pages\/?p=19062"},"modified":"2024-09-12T15:36:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T19:36:25","slug":"le-genocide-doctobre-1937","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.haiti-reference.info\/pages\/2017\/10\/14\/le-genocide-doctobre-1937\/","title":{"rendered":"Le g\u00e9nocide d\u2019octobre 1937"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"\"Il y a de ces anniversaires qu\u2019on aimerait bien ne pas se rappeler, mais l\u2019histoire parfois tenaille des d\u00e9cennies voire des si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s, et on ne peut s\u2019en emp\u00eacher. Se faisant, on garde, bien s\u00fbr, le mince espoir que notre g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ou les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures n\u2019auront pas \u00e0 vivre les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qu\u2019il nous peine \u00e0 comm\u00e9morer. Le g\u00e9nocide des Ha\u00eftiens en R\u00e9publique Dominicaine, il y a 80 ans, en est un.<\/p>\n

De la fin du mois de septembre et durant le mois d\u2019octobre de 1937, des Ha\u00eftiens r\u00e9sidant en R\u00e9publique Dominicaine tomb\u00e8rent victimes d\u2019un massacre montrant dans toute sa laideur la bassesse humaine, et qu\u2019on peut facilement assimiler \u00e0 un g\u00e9nocide. <\/p>\n

Parce que peu de victimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abattues alors que la grande majorit\u00e9 succomba sous les coups de machette, on a voulu, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, faire croire au monde que la tuerie fut le regrettable r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un simple soul\u00e8vement spontan\u00e9 de paysans dominicains d\u00e9fendant leur b\u00e9tail et leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. Mais les documents historiques et les indiscr\u00e9tions des membres du gouvernement \u00e0 la t\u00eate duquel se trouvait le dictateur Rafael M. Trujillo, ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le g\u00e9nocide de 1937 fut l\u2019aboutissement d\u2019un plan concoct\u00e9 par le chef ex\u00e9cutif dominicain d\u2019alors et pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pendant plus d\u2019une ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le refus de complicit\u00e9 proclam\u00e9 par le gouvernement du pr\u00e9sident Trujillo fut r\u00e9fut\u00e9 par l\u2019ambassadeur am\u00e9ricain d\u2019alors, R. Henry Norweb, qui, dans un cable au D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tat, rapporta ce qui suit:<\/p>\n

\u201cAvec l\u2019approbation du pr\u00e9sident Trujillo, une campagne syst\u00e9matique d\u2019extermination a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite contre les r\u00e9sidents Ha\u00eftiens\u2026 et men\u00e9e avec une efficacit\u00e9 impitoyable par la police nationale et l\u2019arm\u00e9e…\u201d(1)<\/p>\n

Les historiens n\u2019ont jamais pu arriver \u00e0 un accord sur le nombre de tu\u00e9s durant ces semaines macabres. En fait, un grand nombre de cadavres furent br\u00fbl\u00e9s et enterr\u00e9s dans des tombes non marqu\u00e9es. Une d\u00e9marche tendant \u00e0 d\u00e9truire les preuves m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gales et \u00e0 frauder les statistiques. Le gouvernement ha\u00eftien d\u2019alors parla de 7,000 compatriotes assassin\u00e9s, mais le nombre de 30,000 furent avanc\u00e9s par les enqu\u00eateurs et les chercheurs un peu plus tard.<\/p>\n

Donc, entre 7,000 et 30,000 tu\u00e9s atrocement. Et l\u2019\u00e9lite ha\u00eftienne d\u2019alors, \u00e0 part quelques officiers de l’arm\u00e9e offusqu\u00e9s qui attendaient les ordres du pr\u00e9sident ha\u00eftien, resta muette. Le gouvernement de St\u00e9nio Vincent un alli\u00e9 sur qui Trujillo pouvait compter et l’ambassadeur Haitien \u00e0 Santo Domingo, Elie Lescot, \u00e0 travers une s\u00e9rie de n\u00e9gociations conduites sous les auspices de Cuba, Mexique et les \u00c9tats-Unis et trouvant une excuse dans le Trait\u00e9 de Gondra(2) de l’OEA, accepta une maigre indemnit\u00e9 des Dominicains. US$750,000.00 d’apr\u00e8s le document de r\u00e8glement du litige(3).<\/p>\n

\"\"
Stenio Vincent, pr\u00e9sident d’Haiti (a droite), et Rafael M. Trujillo, pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Dominicaine (\u00e0 gauche), deux ans apr\u00e8s le genocide d’octobre 1937, \u00e0 Dajab\u00f3n sur la fronti\u00e8re nord.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ce g\u00e9nocide ne fut donc pas le tout premier sur l\u2019\u00cele que nous partageons avec les Dominicains. Les Espagnols, conquistadors, avec la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des cours royales d\u2019Europe et le silence complice de l’\u00c9glise catholique, avaient proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extermination syst\u00e9matique et violente des Tainos, premiers habitants de l’\u00eele. Deux d\u00e9cades avant ce fatidique mois d’octobre, le g\u00e9nocide des Arm\u00e9niens (1915-1917) n\u2019avait r\u00e9volt\u00e9 personne. De 1941, le monde se rendit complice de l\u2019holocauste des juifs d\u2019Europe par les Nazis. En 1994, des milliers de Tutsis furent massacr\u00e9s, dans une d\u00e9marche de grande purge par les membres du clan Hutu au Rwanda, une tuerie qui se d\u00e9roula malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence de la Mission des Nations Unies pour l\u2019assistance au Rwanda<\/em> (MINUAR).Les Nations Unies, en 1948, avaient pourtant fait du g\u00e9nocide un crime international(4).<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, le danger d\u2019un g\u00e9nocide p\u00e8se sur tous les groupes minoritaires et les migrants, m\u00eame dans les pays qui se sont enorgueillis d’\u00eatre les bastions de la d\u00e9mocratie, de la libert\u00e9 d’expression et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre tous leurs citoyens.<\/p>\n

Tous ces g\u00e9nocides ont et auront un point commun. Ils furent et seront le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un racisme morbide atteignant un niveau de paroxysme aveuglant et se traduisant dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 par des purges sanglantes. Les assassins ont assimil\u00e9 et assimileront leurs actions \u00e0 des d\u00e9marches impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es uniquement de nationalisme et de protection de la souverainet\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans le cas du massacre de 1937, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du paravent nationaliste, les Dominicains voulaient affirmer une certaine identit\u00e9 qui se d\u00e9finissait uniquement en relation avec les Ha\u00eftiens. Cette affirmation transpire encore dans les \u00e9crits de leurs intellectuels, dans les notes et certaines interventions du cardinal Nicol\u00e1s de Jes\u00fas L\u00f3pez Rodr\u00edguez ou de certains chefs de parti politique. Et c\u2019est inqui\u00e9tant!<\/p>\n

Ha\u00eftiennes, Ha\u00eftiennes, la vigilance est de rigueur.<\/p>\n

J.A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u270d Notes:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Nixon, Edgar. Franklin D. Roosevelt and foreign affairs. Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969-1983. 7:121-125.<\/li>\n
  2. Trait\u00e9 de Gondra (1923), un trait\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 lors de la Cinqui\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence internationale am\u00e9ricaine qui eut lieu \u00e0 Santiago du Chili) pour \u00e9viter ou pr\u00e9venir les conflits entre les \u00c9tats am\u00e9ricains<\/li>\n
  3. Settlement of the Dominican-Haitian controversy …<\/i> Washington, D.C.: Pan American union, 1938; p. 3.<\/li>\n
  4. Le texte de la Convention pour la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9pression du crime de g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations Unies le 9 d\u00e9cembre 1948. Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu les vingt ratifications requises par l\u2019article XIII, la Convention est entr\u00e9e en vigueur le 12 janvier 1951. [Texte de la Convention<\/strong><\/a>]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Il y a de ces anniversaires qu\u2019on aimerait bien ne pas se rappeler, mais l\u2019histoire parfois tenaille des d\u00e9cennies voire des si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s, et on ne peut s\u2019en emp\u00eacher. Se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,102,22],"tags":[15],"class_list":["post-19062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-criminalite","category-histoire-1934-1986","category-leadership-politique","tag-j-a"],"yoast_head":"\nLe g\u00e9nocide d\u2019octobre 1937 »<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.haiti-reference.info\/pages\/2017\/10\/14\/le-genocide-doctobre-1937\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le g\u00e9nocide d\u2019octobre 1937 »\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il y a de ces anniversaires qu\u2019on aimerait bien ne pas se rappeler, mais l\u2019histoire parfois tenaille des d\u00e9cennies voire des si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s, et on ne peut s\u2019en emp\u00eacher. 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